INEQUIDADES DE ACCESO DE LA POBLACIÓN SEXO-Y-GÉNERO DIVERSA EN AMÉRICA LATINA
DESTAQUES DE SLAMS 2025
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35919/rbsh.v37.1399Palabras clave:
Minorías sexuales y de género, Salud sexual, Desigualdades en salud, Salud mental, America LatinaResumen
Introducción: Los sistemas públicos de salud de América Latina rara vez recopilan o analizan datos categorizados por orientación sexual e identidad de género, perpetuando la invisibilidad epidemiológica y dificultando la formulación de políticas basadas en derechos. Objetivo: Identificar la literatura sobre las inequidades en salud que afectan a las personas de la diversidad sexual y de género en América Latina y discutir cómo los marcos legales, las políticas reproductivas y la organización de los sistemas de salud moldean estas disparidades. Métodos: Revisión integrativa desarrollada a partir de discusiones de especialistas realizadas durante el XVIII Congreso de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Medicina Sexual, celebrado en São Paulo en 2025, complementada con búsquedas dirigidas en la literatura. Resultados: Entre hombres que tienen sexo con hombres, la ansiedad, la depresión y la conducta suicida presentan alta prevalencia, paralelamente a elevadas tasas de consumo de sustancias, violencia e infecciones de transmisión sexual, incluyendo VIH y VPH. Las mujeres que tienen sexo con mujeres enfrentan mitos persistentes sobre bajo riesgo de infecciones de transmisión sexual, además de menor acceso a métodos preventivos y menores tasas de tamizaje del cáncer de cuello uterino. Las poblaciones trans presentan elevadas tasas de depresión, suicidio, VIH y enfermedades cardiovasculares, además de exposición extrema a la violencia letal; en Brasil, las mujeres trans presentan una expectativa de vida drásticamente reducida. Conclusión: Las inequidades en salud que afectan a esta población resultan de la interacción entre el estigma estructural, las brechas legales y políticas, y la insuficiente preparación de los sistemas de salud.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Sérgio Henrique Pires Okano, Flávia Glina, Marcelo Praxedes Monteiro Filho, André Marquez Cunha
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